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Alternet.org who we thank for the Enron Fraud logo Their Enron Gate Page.
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Common Cause - The Enron Collapse
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Enron owns the GOP .com
American Politics Journal - Enrongate
Texas Observer - Enron
Will Pitt - The Enron Page
Houston Cronicle - Hot Topic Enron
Washington Post - Enron Probe
Guardian Unlimited - Special Report
BBC Enron - Who's Who
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New York Times - Enron Primer
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Oliver Willis - Enrongate
The Nation - Bush Administration and Enron

We are dedicated to the public exposure of this one time corporate giant. Enron was George W. Bush's largest political career contributor. No company in America was closer to George W. Bush than Enron and its CEO Kenneth Lay. Bush's nickname for Lay is "Kenny Boy". Kenny Boy's ties to the Bush family run deep. Enron's powerful influence is everywhere they have contributed money to 71 sitting Senators. Since 1989, Enron has made a whopping $5.8 million in campaign donations, 73 percent to Republicans and 27 percent to Democrats.

The Center for Public Integrity a nonpartisan research and investigative reporting organization said Enron, its employees and directors have given $623,000 to Bush from 1993 to November 2001. Campaign finance reform is the only way to stop corporations like Enron from owning those in Washington. Enron the once a mighty energy trader unraveled after it disclosed losses from partnerships kept off its balance sheet. They hid the truth while the executives cashed in the stock and made millions. Enron's bankruptcy and shenanigans left employees holding worthless stocks and retirement funds. Meanwhile top Enron executives earned over 600 million from stock sales in last 4 years. Enron's auditing firm, whose work is under investigation by federal regulators, disclosed that its employees had destroyed a ``significant'' number of documents related to Enron. Justice department investigations are looking at if Enron defrauded investors, including 401(k) plan holders, by concealing vital information about its finances. Lawyers representing Enron shareholders filed a class action suit last month claiming that between Oct. 19, 1998 and Nov. 27, 2001, the 29 current and former company officials traded 17 million shares of Enron stock worth $1.1 billion.

The Bush Administration has several major connections with Enron.

  • Karl Rove Bush's top political strategist sold between $100,000 and $250,000 worth of Enron stock in 2001 after being accused of conflict of interest.
  • Thomas White Jr. Secretary of the Army. Was a former top Enron executive, he sold shares worth at least $50 million before Enron's shares plummeted.
  • Robert B. Zoellick Trade Representative He worked for Enron immediately before joining the administration.
  • Lawrence B. Lindsey Bush's National Economic Council chief. He was paid $50,000 by Enron in 2000 for consulting work.
  • John Ashcroft U.S. Attorney General He recused himself from the Justice Dept. probe of Enron because Enron was a major contributor to his failed Senate campaign.
  • Marc F. Racicot He was recently appointed by Bush to serve as Republican National Committee chairman is a former Enron lobbyist.
  • Paul O'Neill Treasury Secretary. Lay phoned him to warn of Enron's pending bankruptcy. The White House said no government action followed the call.
  • Don Evans Commerce Secretary. Lay phoned him before Enron's collapse to warn that Enron might default on its bonds. The White House said no government action followed the call.
  • Tom Ridge Bush's Director of Homeland Security. In 1997, when Ridge was Pennsylvania's governor, then-Texas governor Bush called on behalf of Lay to help Enron break into Pennsylvania's tightly regulated electricity market.
  • Curtis Hebert Jr. Former Chairman of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission He told the New York Times that Lay was using his sway with Bush to influence FERC decisions. Hebert resigned in 2001, and the position was filled with Texan Pat Wood III, a friend of Bush and Lay.
  • At least 15 high-ranking Bush administration officials owned Enron stock last year.

Enron executives met with the Bush administration just one day before the administration determined not to assist California in its Enron-created energy crisis. The administration did not impose price caps and allowed Enron to further gouge California energy consumers potentially bankrupting California energy providers and endangered the stability of the government of California.

We know that Enron Corp. officials had six meetings with Vice President Dick Cheney and his aides over an eight-month period to discuss the nation's energy policy. Rep. Henry Waxman, D.-Calif., has been pressing Cheney to detail his contacts with the troubled company. "There is a very intimate connection between Enron and the Bush administration. How could they not have known what was happening?" Waxman said. "I think we need to find out what people in the administration knew, many of whom used to work for Enron. We ought to find out whether they ignored warning signs." "The White House had knowledge that Enron was likely to collapse but did nothing to try to protect innocent employees and shareholders who ultimately lost their life savings,'' he said in a statement. ``I am deeply troubled that the White House stood by and let this happen to thousands of families.''
1-24-02 Executives and accountants have much to answer for, but they can be forgiven for cracking a wry smile when members of Congress begin lecturing them on dereliction of duty. Congress itself, as much as Enron and Arthur Andersen, bears responsibility for the current state of affairs.
1-24-02 The case of Enron and its auditors may become spring 2002's successor to the Monica Lewinsky case, but addressing the scandal fails to address America's real problem, which is the domination of politics by money.
1-23-02 Enron and Argentina the twin debacles of globalization. It is said that in politics and in war, fortune smiles all too briefly. After allowing it to briefly savor the success of its Afghanistan campaign, history, cunning and inscrutable as usual, has suddenly dealt the Bush administration two massive body blows: the Enron implosion and the Argentine collapse. These towering twin disasters threaten to push the global elite back to the crisis of legitimacy that was shaking its hegemony globally prior to September 11.
1-26-02 Poll Finds Enron's Taint Clings More to G.O.P. Than Democrats. Their suspicions are growing that the Bush administration is hiding something or lying about its own dealings with the Enron Corporation before the company filed for bankruptcy protection, the latest New York Times/ CBS News Poll shows.
1-26-02 GAO to take legal action. The head of the General Accounting Office conducting a congressional inquiry into the Bush administration's energy proposals said yesterday he would sue the White House next week if the administration does not comply with his demands, in what would be the first legal action of its kind between the legislative and executive branches of government
1-26-02 US energy policy helped Enron's India plans. The White House apparently added a last-minute provision to the Bush administration's energy policy last spring that was helpful to Enron, a Democratic congressman said.(Times of India)
1-26-02 Death ruled suicide. The death of former Enron executive John Clifford Baxter was officially ruled a suicide today by the Harris County Medical Examiner's office.
1-25-02 Some officials at Arthur Andersen were worried about a "heightened risk" of fraud in Enron's books a week before the energy company shocked stockholders with huge losses, an auditor's memo from last October shows. The e-mail by Andersen auditor Mark Zajac warned that a computer analysis of Enron's financial activities in the third quarter of last year indicated "a red alert: a heightened risk of financial statement fraud," according to investigators.
1-25-02 Vice President Dick Cheney's office again refused this week to turn over details of how the White House formulated its energy policy - including bankrupt Enron Corp.'s involvement - despite increased pressure from Congress.
1-25-02 Many May Be Surprised to Be Enron Investors - In the last year, more than 50 mutual funds and insurance companies, including some of the largest and best known in America, invested in a trust created by Enron in 1997 to finance the operations of several of the energy company's shadowy partnerships.
1-25-02 NSC Aided Enron's Efforts -The White House's National Security Council is the president's nerve center for international crises and strategy. For a moment last year, it also acted as a sort of concierge service for Enron Chairman Kenneth L. Lay and India's national security adviser, Brajesh Mishra.
1-26-02 Enron spread its net far and wide in bid to protect its business interests. The dollar trail snaked from Enron Corp.'s hometown of Houston to the Texas capital of Austin to Washington, D.C. Along the way, politicians who could help the energy trader got money for their campaign chests.

1-25-02 Like Enron employees, Lay could lose nearly all - his vast fortune from stocks, bonuses is susceptible to lawsuits. He netted nearly $145 million through stock sales alone in that 10 years. In just the past five years, he drew $6 million in salary and received more than $20 million in bonuses. He also may still be able to claim a $60 million severance package.
1-24-02 He's the top Republican on the Senate Banking Committee and a big recipient of Enron campaign contributions. She's on Enron's board and audit committee. Together, they are Phil and Wendy Gramm, a Washington power couple entangled like no other in Enron's fall.
1-24-02 Executives and accountants have much to answer for, but they can be forgiven for cracking a wry smile when members of Congress begin lecturing them on dereliction of duty. Congress itself, as much as Enron and Arthur Andersen, bears responsibility for the current state of affairs.
1-24-02 The case of Enron and its auditors may become spring 2002's successor to the Monica Lewinsky case, but addressing the scandal fails to address America's real problem, which is the domination of politics by money.
1-23-02 Enron and Argentina the twin debacles of globalization. It is said that in politics and in war, fortune smiles all too briefly. After allowing it to briefly savor the success of its Afghanistan campaign, history, cunning and inscrutable as usual, has suddenly dealt the Bush administration two massive body blows: the Enron implosion and the Argentine collapse. These towering twin disasters threaten to push the global elite back to the crisis of legitimacy that was shaking its hegemony globally prior to September 11.
1-23-02 In 2002 election, Enron looms large The return of Congress today marks the start of what promises to be one of the closest fights for control of the House and Senate ever - with all issues grist for Campaign 2002.
1-23-02 As reporters systematically uncover the links between Enron Corp, its accountants and virtually every American politician with a pulse, the multiplying connections can obscure as much as they reveal. In many quarters, the story is being portrayed as a simple morality tale of how money corrupts politics. Yet the lesson of Enron's experience in Washington is more complex. Money always matters, but it matters most when the media and public are not watching the decisions money is meant to manipulate.
1-22-02 Abruptly changing his tone about a company that contributed heavily to his political campaigns, President Bush said today that he was "outraged" that the Enron Corporation misled its employees and investors, including his mother-in-law, who he said lost more than $8,000 when its stock collapsed.
1-22-02 FBI searches Enron head office. Federal investigators have started a search of Enron's headquarters in Houston after a former executive alleged that documents had been shredded there even after a court forbidding such action.
1-22-02 Over three years starting in 1999, Kenneth L. Lay has reported receiving more than $200 million either from Enron (news/quote) directly or through exercising stock options. Yet, his lawyer now says, he was forced to borrow millions more from the company last year to meet his obligations.
1-22-02 The Enron debacle is proving to be an unexpected windfall for the effort to overhaul the nation's campaign finance laws
1-22-02 Shredded documents. Congressional investigations. Phone calls to the President's men. Billions of dollars vanished. And that's the short list of the intriguing goings-on in the scandal that is Enron Corp., the Houston energy-trading company.
1-22-02 A Texas Supreme Court justice who has been nominated by President Bush to fill a vacant federal judgeship could face a fierce Senate confirmation fight because her critics say she once wrote an opinion that saved the Enron Corporation (news/quote) about $15 million after accepting campaign contributions from the company.
1-21-02 Today Ralph Nader and leading citizen advocates and scholars, called for a Citizens Reform Agenda to address the Enron/Arthur Andersen scandals. The agenda proposes reforms for the accounting industry, the banking and lending industry, pensions, campaign financing, securities reform, and energy deregulation.
1-21-02 The CEO of Arthur Andersen, the accounting firm responsible for auditing Enron, conceded Sunday that his company made errors but said that the energy giant's demise was ultimately the result of a failed business model, not shady accounting.

1-20-02 Ken Johnson, a spokesman for the House energy and commerce investigations committee, said: "It is becoming clear to us that people at both Andersen and Enron tried to hide the company's financial problems. If that happened, there is a very good possibility that some crimes were committed. The deeper we dig, the uglier this gets.
1-21-02 They were insiders. They traded But whether 29 Enron officers and directors were guilty of illegal insider trading is something the courts will now have to decide.
1-21-02 The collapse of Enron Corp., so far a political, legal and investor crisis, is now imposing widespread costs on the U.S. economy, according to a range of companies, energy experts and bankers.
1-21-02 President Bush's advisers, fearing the Enron Corp. bankruptcy controversy could divert attention from his second-year agenda, are debating what to do about a political problem they helped create.
1-21-02 Nearly 200 former Enron Corp. workers have united to demand severance pay from the bankrupt energy giant that abruptly laid them off last month. "We're about getting just due compensation for former employees," said Rod Jordan, 63, one of 4,500 employees who lost their jobs when the company filed the largest-ever corporate bankruptcy.
1-21-02 Monster Mess The Enron fallout has just begun. Anytime a stock market bubble bursts, a business scandal that epitomizes the excesses of that particular period is seldom far behind. The Roaring '20s had Teapot Dome. The end of the bull market in the early 1970s was marked by the collapse of Equity Funding Corp. The 1980s, of course, had Michael Milken.
1-21-02 Houston - Enron Corp. chairman Kenneth Lay held several meetings in late October with a vice president who had urged him to clean up a series of "improprieties," her lawyer said in a weekend interview.
1-21-02 U.S. Rep. John Tanner says Enron Corporation's bankruptcy is evidence of a divide between U.S. business and the spirit of capitalism.
1-20-02 Two questions which the White House has so far refused to answer are likely to become two of the most contentious issues in the Bush administration's first real domestic crisis. What did US Vice-President Dick Cheney know about Enron's slide towards bankruptcy? And to what degree did Enron CEO and chairman Kenneth Lay influence Cheney's formulation of White House energy policy?
1-19-02 Enron's loss may cost U.S. taxpayers. The firm and two partners want a federal agency that insured a power-plant project to pay $200 million. In the aftermath of Enron's collapse, which ruined the investments and retirement accounts of thousands of Americans, U.S. taxpayers may have to pay millions of dollars for the company's losses from overseas investments
1-19-02 Interviews with officials at Enron and its former auditor, Arthur Andersen, have yielded "great leads" in helping understand the energy giant's collapse and determine potential wrongdoing, congressional investigators said Friday.
1-19-02 Legal action against Arthur Andersen for its role in the collapse of the disgraced US energy company Enron increased yesterday as investors who lost billions of dollars turned their anger on the accountancy firm.
1-19-02 Wendy Lee Gramm snared in collapse fallout As ex-regulator, Enron director should have seen signals, critics say.
1-18-02 Arthur Andersen lurched deeper into crisis yesterday after it emerged that the accountancy firm may have been aware of the problems at Enron as much as one year ago.
1-18-02 Vice President Cheney tried to help Enron collect a $64 million debt from a giant energy project in India.
1-18-02 When the glare of publicity suddenly found him, David B. Duncan was cast as a rogue accountant, panicked into a shredding frenzy by the thought of investigators sifting through his auditing team's paperwork. The image may yet prove true. But those familiar with Arthur Andersen, and to the high-stakes auditing of Big Five accounting firms, suggest it stretches credibility to think he operated as independently as the bosses who fired him two days ago claim.
1-19-02 Interviews with officials at Enron and its former auditor, Arthur Andersen, have yielded "great leads" in helping understand the energy giant's collapse and determine potential wrongdoing, congressional investigators said Friday.
1-18-02 Evidence Indicates That O’Neill Helped Enron Hide Financial Condition; Public Citizen Calls on Treasury Secretary to Explain
1-18-02 Documents disclosed yesterday indicate that Kenneth L. Lay, the chairman and chief executive of Enron disposed of stock within days of receiving a letter warning of accounting problems at the company. They shuold lock this guy up and throw away the key.
1-18-02 The Bush administration labored yesterday to salvage its energy program from the wreckage of the Enron scandal, fending off criticism that its policies were tailored to suit Enron's needs and rejecting congressional demands for information about its contacts with the energy industry.
1-18-02 The deeper Enron scandal lies not in the nervous contacts with cabinet members when the giant corporation was sliding down the tube, but in its ability to manipulate a government awash in campaign contributions in the days when the company was flying high.
1-17-02 A team led by President Bush's economic adviser Lawrence Lindsey, a former Enron consultant who was paid $50,000 by Enron as the company's consultant in 2000, reviewed the company's financial woes last fall but did not take any action, the White House said Wednesday.
1-17-02 Accounting giant Andersen and collapsed power trader Enron Corp. share a long and now uncomfortably close relationship that begins--but certainly doesn't end--with a procession of executives who moved from the auditing firm to occupy top posts at Enron.
1-17-02 Andersen fires lead auditor in Enron case. Three others are being disciplined as the probe continues.
1-17-02 Congress' request for records fails. Bush won't release data on Cheney-Enron talks
1-18-02 Enron: A Scandal So Good That It Hurt - This just keeps getting better and better.
1-18-02 With the Enron collapse wiping out at least $1 billion from the retirement funds of teachers, firefighters and other public employees, states are joining a class-action lawsuit to win back some money.
1-18-02 As Questions Get Louder, Cheney Stays Silent - Critics want details on meetings with Enron over energy policy. He asserts executive privilege.
1-17-02 Memo shows Andersen knew of Enron woes in Feb.
1-16-02 At least 10 House and Senate committees are going through documents and scheduling hearings to investigate the biggest bankruptcy in U.S. history. That's on top of investigations underway at the Department of Justice, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Labor Department and the Internal Revenue Service.
1-16-02 Fired auditor knew in August about Enron whistle-blower's warning
1-15-02 It is well known that the Enron Corp. lavished money and attention on political figures all over the nation's capital. But for an insight into how carefully the company cultivated members of Congress, look no further than its efforts to please its home state powerhouse, Rep. Tom DeLay.
1-13-02 It's Time to Appoint a Special Prosecutor - To have the Bush Justice Department investigate Enron is a classic case of the fox being hired to guard the hen house.
1-15-02 A Swiss investment bank won't pay anything to acquire Enron Corp.'s energy trading business, won't assume any of the troubled company's debts and will share a third of its profits with Enron and its creditors
1-14-02 Top Enron executives "cooked the books" as the energy corporation neared financial collapse, an attorney for shareholders charged Monday
1-14-02 As Enron Corp.'s collapse has mushroomed into a major political issue, pressure appears to be growing on Vice President Dick Cheney to fully disclose the Houston company's role in developing President Bush's energy plan last spring.
1-13-02 Not long ago, Enron Corp.'s name was part of the lexicon of corporate and political power. The company's contacts and influence in the White House and Congress bred envy among competitors. Enron was a driving force behind a radical shift in the U.S. energy policy, and its fortune seemed guaranteed for years. But in a matter of weeks, Enron has been transformed into shorthand for a corporate scandal, one that has touched politicians and regulators in Washington, accountants and executives on Wall Street, and employees and other shareholders who lost tens of billions of dollars as the company tumbled into bankruptcy protection.
1-15-02 The growing scandal over the collapse of Enron Corp. deepened on Tuesday, with accounting firm Andersen saying its lead partner for auditing the energy trader had ordered documents destroyed after learning federal regulators wanted to see them.
1-14-02 President Bush's chief of staff was told last fall of Enron Corp.'s request for government help.
1-14-02 Enron, PG&E similar tales - The correlation is very simple: Corporations like PG&E and Enron want to take an essential commodity and gouge us with it.
1-15-02 Bush, the corporations' flag-carrier. Enron's collapse exposes the folly of his cash-for-influence policy. The Enron debacle is potentially so dangerous for Bush because it makes it painfully clear that the old equation does not hold. The Enron executives got rich even as their company was plunging into the abyss, taking its employees with it.
1-13-02 Democratic lawmakers are divided about how aggressively to investigate the White House's relationship to the implosion of Enron Corp., with an increasing number of party officials warning their colleagues against overreaching or showing too much glee in attacking a popular wartime president.
1-14-02 GOP Enron Plan: Shift the Blame - With the political furor over the collapse of Enron Corp. gaining momentum, Republicans on Capitol Hill are already preparing their strategy for countering Democratic attacks. It's a strategy that sounds hauntingly familiar to veterans of the political wars of the late 1990s: Blame it on Bill Clinton and the Democrats.
1-13-02 Just four days before Enron disclosed a stunning $618 million loss for the third quarter—its first public disclosure of its financial woes—workers who audited the company's books for Arthur Andersen, the big accounting firm, received an extraordinary instruction from one of the company's lawyers. Congressional investigators tell Time that the Oct. 12 memo directed workers to destroy all audit material, except for the most basic "work papers." And that's what they did, over a period of several weeks. As a result, FBI investigators, congressional probers and workers suing the company for lost retirement savings will be denied thousands of e-mails and other electronic and paper files that could have helped illuminate the actions and motivations of Enron executives involved in what now is the biggest bankruptcy in U.S. history.
1-13-02 Economic Collapse, Political Fallout - The story on Oniel and Evans getting calls from Lay but telling no one sure sounds a tad fishy. Not even a - hey boss your money tree is about to be cut down.
1-12-02 Bush lies- In distancing himself from Enron, President Bush said that CEO Kenneth Lay "was a supporter" of Democrat Ann Richards in his first race for Texas governor in 1994. But records and interviews with people involved in the Richards campaign show that he was a far bigger Bush supporter. Bush got three times more money.
1-12-02 Hidden Numbers Crushed Enron
'Partnerships' Shielded $600 Million Debt
1-12-02 The Justice Department named a career federal prosecutor specializing in fraud and other white-collar crimes to lead the investigation into the collapse of Enron Corporation as the White House revealed more attempts by Enron executives to seek help for the failing company from the Bush administration.
1-12-02 Congressional investigators asked the big accounting firm Arthur Andersen yesterday for more information about its destruction of documents related to energy trader Enron Corp., including internal correspondence during the period when records were being destroyed.
In addition to being one of the single largest financial backers of George W. Bush's political career, Ken Lay can count himself among the president's closest friends.
The rise and fall of Enron is an instant classic in the annals of capitalism because, in one calamitous stroke, it wipes out so many sanctified illusions that rule in the magic marketplace.
What does the California energy crisis, Enron, IBP Inc., Chicago Mercantile Exchange Commodity Futures Trading Commission, State Farm Ins. Co., ADM, the U.S. Senate and George W. Bush have in common?
1-16-02 Accounting firm Andersen was warned of trouble at Enron Corp. last summer by an internal whistle-blower, Congressional investigators said after quizzing a fired Andersen audit partner in a widening probe into the collapsed energy trading giant .
Enron paid big bonuses before filing 500 get incentives worth $55.7 million
Friends in High Places Bankrupt Enron Held Sway With Current Bush Administration
Leaders in the Green Party of the United States urge Congress to extend its investigation of Enron to the company's ties to the Bush administration
Showdown at the Kilowatt Corral Texas companies with ties to George W. Bush are cashing in on California's energy crisis.
Hail and farewell, o Enron! Enron-gate Where are the investigations of Bush’s liaison with the bankrupt company?
Free Lessons on Corporate Hubris, Courtesy of Enron
Enron adds up 4 years of errors energy giant restates finances to account for lost $600 million
Slick oil George W. Bush's toxic money pipeline.
Enron Is Target of Criminal Probe U.S. Said to Focus On Whether Firm Deceived Investors
The Enron Chain Saw Massacre The Enron scandal is becoming more and more like a horror movie: It's not what's on screen that scares you, it's the unseen monster in the dark
Justice Dept. to Form Task Force to Investigate Collapse of Enron
White House Moves to Contain Political Damage From Enron Turmoil
Houston feds and Ashcroft pull out of Enron Corp. investigation.
Enron defends timing of checks for Democrats - 71 sitting senators have received money from Enron
Compassionately Conserving Enron
Senate to subpoena Enron execs, auditors
Enron's 401(k) claims disputed
Senate panel hears of employees' losses
Enron Is a Cancer on the Presidency
The fall of Enron Pressure cooker finally exploded
Firm's Saga Could Dog Bush in Election Year
Enron lawyers haggling over bids for trading unit
Ken Who? Bush team plays defense
Auditor, Enron trade blame
Andersen CEO testifies before House committee
Former Enron workers left in insurance limbo - Company fails to complete paperwork
Enron chiefs sued for $25bn
Enron's Big Wheel Has a Heavy Tread -When it comes to prodding government policymakers to action, nobody comes close to Enron Corp
Risky Trades by Enron Recall Earlier Crisis
Execs earned $600 million from stock over last 4 years
Enron executives who dumped stock were heavy donors to Bush
Bush Officials Received Early Warning on Enron
Lay hinted bailout, White House reveals
Cheney met 6 times with Enron execs
Key Bush Energy Advisers Reveal Large Enron Holdings!
Enron lays off 4,000 Many ex-employees feel betrayed and angry
Enron Executives Contributed to Ashcroft Campaigns
Enron executives who dumped stock were heavy donors to Bush. Twenty-four top executives and board members at Enron Corp. contributed nearly $800,000 to national political parties, President Bush, members of Congress, and others overseeing investigations of the company for possible securities fraud, according to a Center for Public Integrity investigation. In addition, Enron made $1.9 million in soft money contributions during the same 1999-2001 period.
Andersen's revelation that it destroyed documents relating to its audit of Enron Corp. has cast doubt on the credibility of the Big Five accounting firm and raises questions of legal liability.
Enron Class Action Lawsuits
Enron Contacted 2 Cabinet Officers Before Collapsing
Timeline of Enron's Collapse
Enron's Lay called Greenspan in October
Bush pushing Enron to Argentina in 1988
Enron's links to Bush team raise questions
Enron Asked for Help From Cabinet Officials CEO Sought Intervention on Bond Rating
Enron Shares Halted for News Pending
Texas Attorney General John Cornyn, who has accepted $193,000 in campaign contributions from Enron and its executives since 1997, withdrew Friday 1-10-02 from participating in his office's investigation into the bankrupt energy company.
More than 250 members of Congress - Democrats as well as Republicans - received political contributions from now-bankrupt Enron and at least 15 high-ranking Bush administration officials owned stock in the energy company last year, according to two government watchdog groups.
So now we know why the White House has spent the better part of a year fending off congressional efforts to find out who Vice President Cheney met with for input on his Energy Task Force. Turns out the VP and his staff had at least six meetings with representatives from Enron -- including one with Chairman Kenneth Lay -- the last of which occurred just six days before the company revealed that it had vastly overstated its earnings, signaling the beginning of the end for the energy giant.
Former Treasury Secretary Robert Rubin Treasury secretary under President Clinton joined Enron Corp. executives in a futile effort to persuade the Bush administration to help keep the company from plunging into bankruptcy, government officials said Friday 1-10-02.
Texas politicians, long the biggest beneficiaries of Enron Corp.'s prodigious campaign spending, are now facing the downside of the fallen corporation's political largess. Those who pocketed Enron political contributions in the past include lawmakers now seated on committees investigating the energy giant's dramatic fall, and others running for office in contested races. Throughout Washington, the pervasiveness of Enron's campaign spending is proving problematic for those now wanting to distance themselves from the escalating scandal.
For reasons that may turn out to be too obvious, the Enron Corp. of Houston decided last year to switch administrators for its company 401(k) retirement plan. The administrator is a financial management company that kept the books, invested employees' money in various mutual funds, sent out quarterly statements, received those weekly or biweekly contributions from the employees' payroll, and generally tended the retirement savings of Enron's 20,000 employees, who collectively held about $1 billion worth of company stock.
1-14-02 Judicial Watch, the public interest law firm that investigates and prosecutes government corruption and abuse, said today that it has filed lawsuits against Bush Administration agencies for their failure to provide documents under the Freedom of Information Act (“FOIA”) concerning the bourgeoning Enron scandal
1-14-02 The Enron scandal, which has laid waste to thousands of employees' life savings and revealed questionable ties to the Bush White House and members of Congress, spotlights a conflict of interest in government and shouts the need for campaign finance reform.
1-15-02 Raising further questions about Enron CEO Kenneth Lay's knowledge of his company's inner workings, a letter from a company employee to CEO Kenneth Lay in August, made public today, expresses concern that the energy trading company "will implode in a wave of accounting scandals."
1-17-02 Enron paid no income taxes in four of the past five years, using almost 900 subsidiaries in tax-haven countries and other techniques, an analysis of its financial reports to shareholders shows. It was also eligible for $382 million in tax refunds.The company used strategies common among businesses to avoid taxes. It also used some unusual methods, among them the creation of 881 subsidiaries abroad, including 692 in the Cayman Islands, 119 in the Turks and Caicos, 43 in Mauritius and eight in Bermuda.
What the world is now awakening to is that the Enron Corporation was not much of a company, but its executives made sure that it was one hell of a stock.
1-10-02 The Enron Story You Haven't Heard - There are more sides to the worst corporate failure in history than you can imagine. The bankrupt energy trader Enron Corp., whose collapse last year is said to be the worst corporate failure in history, has 2,832 subsidiaries, of which 874 are registered in the Cayman Islands or other tax and bank secrecy havens.
“Companies come and go. It’s ... part of the genius of capitalism,” said Treasury Secretary Paul O’Neill when asked if he was surprised at the sudden collapse of Enron. The company’s failure has left the one-time energy trading behemoth’s stock virtually worthless and thousands of workers’ pension funds in disarray.

anti-Bush T-shirts
6-17-02 $680 million paid to top Enron execs in '01 Lay, Skilling together topped $109 million. Enron paid its top 140 executives a total of $680 million in the year prior to its Dec. 2 bankruptcy, according to a filing the company will make public today. Houston Chronicle
5-22-02 Bush Staff Subpoenaed Over Enron Senators voted Wednesday to issue Congress' first subpoenas to the Bush White House, demanding turnover of information about staff contacts with Enron officials. Guardian Unlimited
5-12-02 How Enron Gave California a Power Bust. The list of Enron's corporate sins got even longer last week when the company's new managers discovered memos describing how traders apparently manipulated energy markets during California's recent electricity crisis, boosting the company's sales and profits. Washington Post
5-7-02 Enron Papers Show Manipulation of California Crisis Enron Corp. manipulated the California electricity market with such maneuvers as transferring energy outside the state to evade price caps and creating phony "congestion" on power lines, according to internal Enron documents released yesterday. Washington Post
4-24-02 Enron utility's 'dead peasant' policies rankle. When workers at Portland General die, there's a little more money to spend on the top executives of the Enron subsidiary. Houston Chronicle

4-19-02 Enron president to resign effective June 1. Enron Corp. President Jeffrey McMahon, who complained two years ago about impropriety of financial partnerships that helped fuel the company's swift downfall, said today he will resign effective June 1.
Houston Chronicle
4-16-02 How Enron made a killing in California - Selling energy at hefty premium, trader dominated market. -- In late 2000, electricity prices were soaring in California. Politicians were scrambling to find energy. Consumers were being warned the lights could soon go off. And Enron Corp was making a killing, charging more than twice what its rivals charged within the state while pushing more than four times as much energy through the power grids that included California's, according to a CBS.MarketWatch.com study of federal energy documents.
4-16-02 FBI investigates army secretary's Enron dealings The US government was dragged back into the Enron scandal yesterday with reports that federal investigators are studying possible insider trading by army secretary Thomas White. The Guardian
4-13-02 SEC Challenges Enron's Retention Bonus, Severance Plan. The Securities and Exchange Commission on Friday challenged a retention bonus plan for 1,285 "key employees" at bankrupt Enron Corp., saying the company must provide more disclosure to justify why the payments of up to $130 million are warranted. LA Times
4-12-02 Army Secretary defends calls to Enron friends Army Secretary Thomas White insisted today that no sensitive information was exchanged during dozens of phone calls with former Enron colleagues, some of which took place while the company's stock prices were tumbling. Houston Chornicle
4-6-02 Army secretary walking tightrope in Enron scandal. He's not named in any lawsuit. He doesn't merit a mention in the famous Powers Report. Even his harshest critics on Capitol Hill are careful to say they aren't accusing him of specific wrongdoing. But as the highest-ranking Bush administration official to come from Houston's bankrupt Enron Corp., Army Secretary Thomas White is in a battle to save his reputation, if not his job.
Houston Chonicle
4-5-02 Army Chief Should Quit. Secretary of the Army Thomas E. White worked as an executive at Enron for 11 years but claims he knew nothing of the shady practices that led to its downfall. Maybe White really was clueless during his time at Enron, but he is not doing himself any favors by failing to properly explain his dealings with the failed energy giant after he left it.
LA Times
4-5-02 Army Secretary Defends Support From Enron. While his confirmation as Army secretary was pending last spring, Thomas E. White received significant support from his employer, Enron Corp., including a letter of recommendation from then-Chairman Kenneth L. Lay and rides to and from Washington on the company's jet. Washington Post
4-2-02 New Inquiry Is Sought Into Enron. The Overseas Private Investment Corporation has asked the Justice Department to examine whether Enron misrepresented its financial condition in obtaining more than $1 billion in taxpayer-backed financing and insurance for international projects, a step that could lead the agency to pull its support for some foreign deals.
New York Times
4-1-02 Special Grand Jury Zeroes In on Enron Executives Prosecutors have opened a new phase in their investigation of the collapse of the Enron Corporation, advancing beyond the indictment of its auditor, Arthur Andersen, to focus on executives of Enron and their activities, according to people involved in the case.
New York Times
3-30-02 Enron exec's family seeks to keep suicide note private-- A lawyer for the family of an Enron executive who killed himself has asked that his suicide note not be made public -- a request that news organizations call an effort "to rewrite basic aspects of Texas open records law." Houston Chronicle
3-27-02 Enron Had Complained About Fired Broker UBS Employee Issued Warning on Stock UBS PaineWebber's firing of a broker last summer came after Enron Corp. officials complained that he had warned customers to sell Enron stock, according to the brokerage firm's account of the incident.
Washington Post
3-26-02 Enron Plantiffs Seen Set to Sue Big Investment Banks Enron Corp. shareholders are expected to unveil a lawsuit next week against big investment banks with ties to the bankrupt energy trader, threatening a legal battle with potentially devastating consequences for Wall Street, lawyers said on Tuesday. Aberdeen News
3-25-02 Rumsfeld says he discussed Enron scandal with Army secretary
Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld said today he has talked to Army Secretary Thomas White about White's contacts with former colleagues at Enron Corp. Rumsfeld told a Pentagon news conference that he and White discussed how White would respond to investigations of Enron's collapse last year and how White would remove himself from any Pentagon business involving his former company.
Houston Chronicle
3-22-02Credit Agencies Say Enron Dishonesty Misled Them As the Securities and Exchange Commission announced a formal review of credit-rating agencies in the aftermath of Enron's collapse, the rating firms argued today that Enron officials had withheld crucial details about company finances. That dishonesty, the agencies said, played a crucial role in their failure to discern Enron's problems more quickly.
New York Times
3-20-02 Enron sends California garbage
California prosecutors say that when they pried open 940 boxes of documents subpoenaed from bankrupt energy giant Enron Corp., they made a surprising discovery.
"What we found were discarded Kleenexes, old pizza boxes, garbage," California Attorney General Bill Lockyer told reporters. Houston Chronicle
3-19-02 Enron: the movie It has drama and corruption, heroes and villains, violent death and a mystery ending. So perhaps it is hardly surprising that the bidding wars have started as studios enter the race to make the first film about the Enron scandal.
The Guardian
3-17-02 Enron and Congress created an economic tragedy What financial event could be more horrifying than watching a lifetime of retirement savings evaporate in the blink of an eye and being powerless to stop it? Thousands of Enron employees witnessed just such a catastrophe last year as the energy giant collapsed under the weight of shady deals and accounting skulduggery. These employees want answers: Who is responsible? The Miami Herald
3-16-02 Enron, Andersen banned from government contracts. In the latest blow to the reeling fortunes of energy giant Enron Corp., the federal government has banned the company, along with accounting firm Arthur Andersen, from winning government contracts.
Houston Chronicle
3-14-02 It's The Lawyers' Turn To Answer For Enron. Vinson & Elkins, Houston's largest law firm, and one of its most prestigious, represented Enron for the company's entire corporate life and was intimately involved in structuring its transactions, disclosing its financials to the public and conducting internal investigations of its alleged wrongdoing. In contrast to Arthur Andersen, Enron's accountants, whose corporate life is threatened, the law firm has escaped serious repercussions, at least so far.
Forbes
3-13-02 U.S. pushing Andersen for guilty plea over Enron. The Department of Justice is pressing accounting firm Andersen to plead guilty to charges related to its role in the collapse of Enron under threat of an indictment that may already be waiting under court seal, sources familiar with the case say.
Reuters
3-13-02 The Enron Ponzi scheme. How many people were "Enroned"? How wide will the circle of corruption spread? It was Adam Smith who identified what turned out to be the central ethical fault line in Enron. The corporation, he wrote in The Wealth of Nations, was an inherently corrupting business form. The Atlantic
3-11-02 Enron seeks to pay $3.8 million in back taxes to avoid eviction. Enron Corp. is late paying property taxes on its 50-story glass tower, but company officials say they aren't worried about getting evicted from their headquarters.
San Francisco Chronicle
3-10-02 U.S. Checking Enron Deal at Ft. Hamilton Defense Department inspectors are examining changes in bid requirements that helped the Enron Corporation win a $25 million Army contract to run the utility systems at Fort Hamilton in Brooklyn, according to federal investigators.
New York Times
3-7-02 Enron lobbying correction: $2.5 million for six months of pressing its agenda on Bush administration, Congress. Enron Corp. belatedly disclosed that it spent nearly $2.5 million lobbying the Bush administration and Congress in the first six months of last year. That was three times more than the energy trader originally acknowledged, and even the corrected figure may be wrong.
San Franciso Chronicle
3-6-02 Analyst says he was fired for urging sale of Enron stock as his firm touted Enron. More than three months before Enron Corp. went bankrupt, UBS PaineWebber financial adviser Chung Wu lost his job on the same day he suggested his clients sell the stock.
San Francisco Chronicle
3-5-02 Bankruptcy judge approves $1,110 for each laid-off Enron worker. The New York judge overseeing Enron Corp.'s bankruptcy today approved a plan to distribute about $1,100 in severance money to each of the approximately 4,500 workers laid off when the company filed for bankruptcy in December. Houston Chronicle
3-4-02 Press Falls for Lie About Clinton, Enron. In a democratic society, successful propaganda generally relieson two elements: the fabrication of a useful, plausible, specific lie, and the deployment of visible professionals who are willing to repeat it until it’s believed. Like any other salesman, the resourceful propagandist must also be prepared to get lucky. The New York Observer
3-3-02 Enron paid incentives for profit mirage. Enron Corp founder Kenneth Lay and other executives reaped hundreds of millions of dollars in bonuses and stock options tied to four years of profits the energy trader later wiped off the books. Enron's board gave rising levels of incentive pay to company managers, including Mr Lay and his successor as chief executive officer, Jeffrey Skilling, as the company hid $US1 billion ($1.95 billion) in losses in affiliated partnerships from 1998 to 2001, company records show. The Sydney Morning Herald
3-2-02 Enron focus shifts to CSFB. The focus on Wall Street's role in the Enron debacle switched to Credit Suisse First Boston yesterday and the part it played in creating controversial offshore partnerships for the US energy trader.
The investment bank has handed documents relating to its dealings with the bankrupt company to investigators working for Congress. The Guardian
3-1-02 Poll: Enron Hurting White House The latest CBS News poll shows the fallout from the Enron bankruptcy continues to haunt the Bush Administration. Majorities of Americans now think the Bush administration and Vice President Dick Cheney are hiding something about their dealings with Enron. For the Vice President, the Enron connection comes in the form of the General Accounting Office lawsuit to access records from his energy task force meetings with industry executives. Most Americans believe big business has too much influence on both Congress and the current Administration.
CBS News
2-28-01 The Enron-Cheney-Taliban Connection? Enron is a scandal so enormous that it's hard to wrap your mind around it. Not just a single financial disaster, it's actually a jigsaw of interlocking scandals, each outrageous in its own right. Alternet.org
2-28-02 Energy Dept. Ordered To Release Documents 7,500 Pages Involve Work of Cheney Panel A federal court ordered the Bush administration's Energy Department to turn over 7,500 pages of documents related to Vice President Cheney's energy task force, a decision that would make public for the first time detailed information about the influence of industry executives and others over the administration's energy policy. Washington Post

2-27-02 Bitter row dominates Enron hearing. Enron's former chief executive Jeffrey Skilling has outraged Senators by insisting that he had not done anything wrong. His comments that Enron's collapse was caused by a "classic run on the bank" created such anger that the hearing degenerated into a slanging match at times. BBC News
2-26-02 Enron Executive Said to Be Aiding in Federal Inquiry. A senior official from Enron finance division, himself a subject of the criminal inquiry into the company's collapse, has begun cooperating with federal officials handling the case, people who have been briefed on the situation said yesterday. New York Times
2-26-02 DA says Enron may owe back tax Inquiry targets property listing. Harris County prosecutors are investigating whether state law was broken when one of Enron Corp.'s failed business ventures failed to properly account for at least $15 million in telecommunications equipment. Houston Chronicle
2-25-02 U.S. agencies lent Enron $1.2 billion - Enron Asks Feds for Insurance Help Enron Corp. has asked a federal agency to pay a huge insurance claim on an idled power plant in India, a project financed in part by a still-outstanding government-backed loan. The relationship between Enron and the little-known Overseas Private Investment Corp. demonstrates the company's two-prong government-relations strategy. In the United States, the energy giant has sought to free power companies from regulation. But internationally, Enron has embraced government help in the form of loans and insurance protection.
LA Times
2-23-02 Thirty-three states are asking a bankruptcy court to block Enron Corp. executives from securing millions of dollars from the company for their legal defense. "Enron's directors and officers should not be advanced money for their civil or criminal defense costs before the issue of their individual liability has been resolved," Oregon Attorney General Hardy Myers, the lead attorney for the group, said in a news release Friday. Detroit Free Press
2-22-02 The Beginning of the Enron Paper Trail. The Smoking Gun. George W. is back-pedaling as fast as he can to distance himself from Enron and his former buddy, Kenneth Lay. To convince the American public that "Kenny Boy's" business scandal had nothing to do with his presidency, Bush has insisted that Kenny is just another supporter, one step above persona non grata.
Alternet.org
2-22-02 Poll finds many prefer scandal to Games. Enron investigation proves more compelling than Winter Olympics More Americans in a new poll released Thursday say they are paying closer attention to the Enron story than the Winter Olympics. The poll, released Thursday by the Pew Research Center for the People & the Press, found overall public interest in Enron increased from 34 percent in December to 43 percent in January, reaching 61 percent in February. The Enron investigation is proving more compelling than the Winter Olympics, with 28 percent following Enron "very closely," compared to 22 percent for the Games in Salt Lake City. Houston Chronicle
2-22-02 Enron rigged energy
A former Enron employee said US Congress should investigate whether Enron's electronic trading unit intentionally congested power transmission lines in order to manipulate California's energy prices.
Daily telegraph
2-21-02 Enron Pushed Stock on Workers. Enron executives urged employees to invest all their retirement money in Enron stock, a Democratic congressman said Thursday after obtaining a videotape of a company meeting. Rep. Henry Waxman said a video from 1999 seems to conflict with recent Senate testimony by Enron executive Cindy Olson, who testified Feb. 5 that the company was legally prohibited from giving investment advice to employees.
The Philadelphea Inquirer
2-19-02 Math, Enron Style: $1.2 Billion = 'A Simple Mistake' Isn't it amazing that no one seems to have been responsible for the collapse of America's seventh-largest company? Washington Post
2-18-02 How an Enron director helped fund a deal that started the death spiral.
Whether because of investment, consulting, or other business ties to Enron Corp., the outside directors of the failed energy giant have come under withering fire for being too close to the firm they were supposed to oversee. Now, there is surprising new fallout from those relationships: A company controlled by an Enron director, U.S. News has learned, was a key source of funds for the venture that kicked off Enron's chain of financial trickery.
2-18-02 GOP/Enron satire site threatened. Enron owns the Republican Party in Texas, Webmaster Kelly Fero of EnronOwnsTheGOP.com would like to make clear, just in case anyone doubts that big money puts little men into powerful offices.
2-17-02 Laid-off Enron workers 'dismayed' Tight job market leaves many with financial woes. Elisa Hollis can count on one hand the number of people she worked with closely who have found jobs since being laid off when Enron filed for bankruptcy in December.
2-17-02 Enron Had More Than One Way to Disguise Rapid Rise in Debt. Along with the debt it spirited away in partnerships, Enron (news/quote) hid billions in loans in plain sight. The company took advantage of accounting rules to count large loans from Wall Street firms as financial hedges instead of debt on its balance sheet, according to accountants and industry analysts. The effect was to mask its weakening financial condition.
2-16-02 Enron Scandal: The Long, Winding Trail Who owns the government of the United States? The answer should be simple: the people do. After all, the root of 'democracy' is 'demos,' the Greek for common people. As America's greatest president, Abraham Lincoln, said on a momentous occasion, the nation had a government "of the people, by the people, for the people." But in the United States today, the answer to that question is not so simple. Money, more than ideas or ideology, determines elections in America.
2-16-02 Enron's retired get burned, too
Deferred-salary plan fizzles. Enron Corp. retiree Mary Wyatt says she's learned never to say, "It can't get worse than this."
2-15-02 Enron Heroine Is No Saint Don't look now, but Sherron Watkins's halo just got smudged a bit. Yes, the Enron whistle-blower deserves great credit for standing up to the good ole boys who ran the company into the ground. But it turns out she dumped $31,000 of her Enron stock, and another $17,000 in options, after warning Ken Lay that Enron was a ticking time bomb.
2-15-02 Company executive says Lay was duped Sherron Watkins laid the blame for Enron Corp.'s collapse squarely on top executives Jeff Skilling and Andrew Fastow Thursday, telling congressional investigators that they duped the head of the company and intimidated anyone who questioned their improper business deals.
2-14-02 2 key Enron execs placed on leave. Two men accused of failing to help control financial partnerships that helped topple Enron Corp. have been asked to take a leave of absence, their lawyers said Wednesday.
2-13-02 Watkins to discuss her now-famous memo - Enron exec plans to bring more documents to hearing - Sherron Watkins, the Enron vice president who in August told Chairman Ken Lay she feared their company might "implode in a wave of accounting scandals," will testify on Capitol Hill Thursday, her lawyer said.
2-13-02 Enron Paid Some, Not All, Deferred Compensation In the weeks before it filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, Enron allowed a small group of executives to withdraw their money from a deferred compensation program, giving them preferential treatment over some former managers who had also requested early withdrawal, according to former and current executives at the company.
2-13-02 The Enron file: Will anyone end up going to jail? Despite the appearance of clear misdeeds, proving criminal intent in white-collar cases is difficult.
2-12-02 The 'inquisitors' who will frame Enron story. One is a peppery Cajun whose Louisiana district is home to the firm that makes Tabasco sauce. Another is a former FBI agent from Ohio not known for quietly following the party line. A third is a Connecticut Democrat whose political skills were evident at such a young age that his college nickname was "Senator."
2-12-02 Enron doc links Lay to partnerships Ex-CEO signed approval sheet for at least one of such deals. An internal Enron Corp. document indicates for the first time that former Chairman and Chief Executive Kenneth Lay had a direct role approving deals with at least one of the company’s controversial executive-run partnerships.
2-11-02 The Labor Department is working to replace Enron Corp. officials with an independent legal representative on a committee that oversees the company's retirement plans. The department is investigating whether the officials legally responsible for Enron's 401(k) plan -- called fiduciaries -- were prudent and acted only in the interest of the employees and the plan, as required under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, or ERISA, which governs employer-provided retirement plans.
2-11-02 Former Enron boss Kenneth Lay will refuse to answer questions when he appears before a Congressional hearing into the collapse of the US energy giant, his spokeswoman has said.
"Under the instruction of counsel, Mr Lay will exercise his Fifth Amendment rights," Kelly Kimberly said.
2-11-02 Enron Lobbyist Plotted Strategy Against Democrats While the Bush administration was drafting its national energy policy, a leading lobbyist for Enron Corp. was plotting strategy to turn the plan into a political weapon against Democrats, according to a newly obtained memo.
2-10-02 Enron expected a lot in exchange for political giftsThey called it "the matrix," a computer program that brought a scientific dimension to Enron's effort to seduce politicians and sway bureaucrats. With each proposed change in federal regulations, lobbyists punched details into a computer, allowing Enron economists in Houston to calculate just how much a rule change would cost. If the final figure was too high, executives used it as the cue to stoke their vast influence machine, mobilizing lobbyists and dialing up politicians who had accepted some of Enron's millions in campaign contributions.
2-8-02 Fastow Silent on His Role, but Others Aren't. On a day when former Enron chief financial officer Andrew S. Fastow declined to testify before Congress, other witnesses fleshed out a story of how Fastow masterminded the company's off-the-books partnerships and grew rich from them.
2-8-02 Enron? Nader Is Glad You Asked "I hate to say 'I told you so,'" he begins, barely cloaking his glee over what could be the greatest corporate scandal in the lifetime of America's greatest corporate critic. "But"--and now the 67-year-old consumer activist pauses with an unexpectedly theatrical flair--"I told you so!"
2-8-02 The Men From Enron, Mostly Mum Though nothing was said that was at all shocking or even very surprising -- four of the men present took the Fifth Amendment -- it was, in the end a very Washington moment: the faces of scandal lined up next to their dark-suited lawyers, a panel of angry politicians staring down at them with contempt.
2-8-02 Many lawyers, consultants say Skilling should have kept quiet. Most agreed he had little to gain from the appearance and probably should not have testified before dozens of politicians bent on displaying their distaste for anyone remotely connected to Enron's collapse.A main problem with Skilling's testimony before an investigations subcommittee of the House Energy and Commerce Committee, several said, came when he appeared unresponsive or evasive.
2-8-02 Enron Chief Exec had his blinders on. Lawmakers heard sharply conflicting testimony today from Enron former chief executive, Jeffrey K. Skilling, who portrayed himself as ignorant of the company's questionable practices, and other executives who said Mr. Skilling received numerous and specific warnings that Enron's off-the-books partnerships were improper.
2-7-02 Jeb Bush Caught in Enron Lie - Gov. Jeb Bush spent up to a half-hour on the phone last April with Kenneth Lay, the former chairman of Enron Corp., the now-bankrupt Houston-based energy conglomerate that had an interest in breaking open Florida's energy market to outside companies. Bush said late last month he did not ''recall'' meeting or talking with anyone from Enron during his tenure as governor, although he said he had met with representatives of an Enron subsidiary.
2-7-02 Enron Lawyer Says Company Ignored Alarm A senior Enron Corp. lawyer raised red flags more than a year ago about the corporation's approval of supposedly arm's-length deals with partnerships managed by Enron insiders, new documents show. He has told House investigators he was rebuffed.
2-7-02 'Illegal' activity rampant The day before several Enron Corp. executives were to appear before his committee, a key House lawmaker Wednesday unleashed a torrent of accusation about illegal activities at the former energy giant.Rep. Billy Tauzin, R-La., chairman of the House Energy and Commerce Committee, called Enron officials deceptive, self-dealing and said they engaged in sham transactions.
2-6-02 Bush shuns call by Democrats for special counsel. Senate Commerce Committee chairman Ernest Hollings, D-S.C., says the Justice Department can't be objective because too many Bush administration officials have ties to the company. "We've got an Enron government," Hollings says
2-6-02 'Victims Of Enron's Lies' Emotional testimony at Senate hearing. Former Enron employee Deborah Perrotta choked up yesterday explaining how all her faith, creativity and trust went into the now-bankrupt company only to leave her so broke she can't pay for her daughter's wedding or her family's prescription drugs.
2-6-02 Portland General Electric workers had trouble getting into their 401(k) accounts for weeks before Enron cut off access to change plan administrators, a union official told a Senate committee on Tuesday. Enron benefits managers testified that the infamous 401(k) "lockdown" didn't begin until last Oct. 26, but union officers said they received the first complaints that employees couldn't trade in their accounts as early as Sept. 27.

2-5-02 CFO Pressured Enron Staff on Deals, The ousted chief financial officer of Enron Corp. wielded his managerial influence and control over bonuses to persuade underlings to cut favorable deals to partnerships he ran, the head of an internal inquiry into the transactions told Congress on Tuesday.
2-5-02 Deal at Enron Gave Insiders Quick Fortunes They called it Southampton Place. To most people in Houston, it was the name of a neighborhood known for expensive homes and influential residents. But to a small group of executives at the Enron Corporation, it meant something far different: the opportunity to obtain millions of dollars of cash, fast, with the money coming from the company's own coffers.
2-5-02 The Houston Astros want dump the name Enron Field.' The baseball team asked a federal bankruptcy judge in New York on Tuesday whether the team should continue its stadium-naming agreement with Enron Corp., the energy giant that collapsed in an accounting scandal.
2-5-02 Lay steps down from Enron's board of directors Irate lawmakers working on subpoenas. Former Enron Corp. Chairman Ken Lay resigned from the company's board of directors Monday, as irate lawmakers prepared subpoenas that would force him to appear on Capitol Hill. Lay, who resigned as chairman last month, severed final corporate ties with Enron, saying his problems had become a distraction to the company's efforts to emerge from bankruptcy.
2-5-02 Lay down to last dozen houses As Enron's former chief executive, Kenneth Lay, failed to show up for a congressional hearing yesterday, attention began to focus on his personal finances, amid claims that he may not be as hard up as his family has claimed.
2-5-02Enron Corp.'s collapse was the result of a "a systemic and pervasive attempt" to inflate profits and hide losses, not of a few rogue employees breaking company rules, a member of Enron's board of directors told a House panel yesterday.
2-4-02Enron: Crime, punishment and reform Enron's collapse - and its auditors' apparent failure to question the company's unorthodox business practices - has prompted a wave of investigations.
2-4-02 A Viewer's Guide to the Enron Hearings The ones to watch for revelations, entertainment, or just some quality shut-eye
2-4-02 Chewco Partnership Violated Rules With its "Star Wars" name, its elusive origin and its central role in the implosion of Enron Corp., the investment partnership named Chewco has been one of the mysteries of the unfolding scandal.
2-4-02 Lord Wakeham is facing potential financial ruin over his role as a director of Enron. The Tory peer has been named in lawsuits running into millions launched by 430 former staff of the collapsed US energy giant who are seeking to claw back cash lost from their retirement funds.
2-3-02 Enron Chief Financial Officer to Take the Fifth Former Enron CFO Andrew Fastow who is charged with pocketing $30 million from questionable deals that led to the company's collapse, will not answer questions in testimony before Congress, a lawmaker investigating the firm said on Sunday.
2-3-02 Lay on the Hot Seat on Monday Plenty will be watching as former Enron chief Lay faces congressional committees.
2-3-02 The dark side of capitalism Enron provides a fitting epitaph to the bubble decade of the 1990s. It is also a quintessential fable for our time, pointing up with black-and-white clarity the Faustian battle now being waged for the corporate heart and soul.
2-2-02 Enron contributions bought plenty Greed, sleaze and world-class selfishness characterize the implosion of Enron. In that outlaw outfit's wake remain crushed employees and robbed investors. The mantra of friends and defenders of the Bush White House was almost immediately heard in every interview: "Enron is a financial scandal, Enron is not a political scandal" — a statement that turns out to be only slightly more misleading than calling all of Bonnie and Clyde's bank hold-ups "a savings institutions crisis." Enron preached old-fashioned virtue and practiced old-fashioned vice.
2-2-02 Lay: Corporate father figure-turned-condemned business titan It's not just his company that is weighted with debits. Kenneth Lay's credibility is now a liability on his personal balance sheet.Once a man with intimate access to Washington policy-makers, the former chairman of Enron Corp. appears before Congress Monday as a business titan condemned by former employees and investors. They lost millions before the energy company entered bankruptcy Dec 2.
2-2-02 Enron End Run Every few days, another political figure is linked to the bamboozlers at Enron.
2-1-02 Top Ten Things You Need to Know About Enron. In a nation where more than half of all households are invested in the stock market, the largest corporate bankruptcy in U.S. history of the United States should put the fear of God in us. Primarily, it seems to have fueled fears about our retirements.
2-1-02 Justice Department orders White House to preserve Enron documents The Justice Department, drawing the White House into its criminal investigation of Enron Corp., ordered President Bush's staff today to preserve documents relating to conversations with Enron executives about the energy company's financial condition
2-1-02 FERC to focus on Enron's role in Calif. energy crisis Federal energy regulators Thursday launched an investigation into whether Houston's embattled Enron Corp. helped prolong last year's electricity crisis in California by unfairly manipulating wholesale power prices
1-31-02 Memo details Cheney--Enron links Company's suggestions resembled elements of the administration's energy policy. While the White House insists that details of its talks with Enron officials remain secret, a memo outlining those discussions reveals the extent to which the Houston energy giant lobbied to influence government policy.
1-31-02 Bush and Cheney want to do more in secret. Vice President Dick Cheney's refusal to turn over details about whom his energy task force met with - the subject of an unprecedented lawsuit expected to be announced yesterday by the General Accounting Office - can be seen as part of a broad White House effort to draw more of a curtain around the executive branch.
1-31-02 Concerned ex-worker was sent to human resources House panel asks Lay to explain what happened to memo from former energy services manager A one-time Enron Corp. manager who warned Chairman Ken Lay in August about questionable accounting practices was sent to human resources for a talk about employee morale, her attorney said Wednesday.
1-30-02 Congress' GAO to sue White House over energy plan documents. The General Accounting Office, the investigative arm of Congress that's looking into the collapse of Enron, will sue the White House for access to documents from President Bush's energy task force, the agency said in a letter today to congressional leaders.
1-30-02 Ex-Enron workers feel jilted by Bush. Listening to President Bush talk about homeland security and the economy Tuesday night, Digna Showers felt something was missing. One of 30 former Enron Corp. employees who took an exhausting 25-hour bus ride from Houston to meet with lawmakers, Showers said she wished Bush had addressed the one issue they all came to talk about.
1-30-02 Enron in Price Fixing Probe. The nation's top energy regulator promised yesterday to investigate whether Enron Corp. manipulated long-term energy prices in western states until the day it declared bankruptcy last month.
1-30-02 Only off by 960,000 Enron acknowledged that they failed to disclose many of its lobbying expenses to Congress last year as the energy trader headed toward financial disaster on Tuesday night after a private group that tracks money in politics compared Enron's lobbying filing to Congress in August with congressional filings by outside lobbying firms
1-29-02 Enron underreported its lobbying expenditures by more than 50 percent in the first half of 2001. The company reported spending $825,000 on lobbying in the first six months of 2001, according to its mid-year report. However, 13 outside lobbying firms reported income from Enron totaling at least $1,785,000 over the same period, a discrepancy of $960,000.
1-29-02 White House press secretary Ari Fleischer compared the energy panel's deliberation to the writing of the US Constitution, noting that ''the very document that protects our liberties more than anything else, the Constitution, was of course drafted in total secrecy. ''Delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1787 were publicly identified.)
1-29-02 Hot on the E-Trail of Evidence at Enron. Much of that "shredded" data is being restored by computer forensics experts who know where and how to find it
1-29-02 President Bush on Monday defiantly backed his administration's refusal to hand over energy task force records to the investigative arm of Congress, calling the demand "an encroachment on the executive branch's ability to do business." The business of selling this country to the highest bidder.
1-28-02 Enron Employees File Suit as Lay's Wife Cries Poor Former employees of Enron Corp. who lost millions of dollars in retirement funds when the energy trading giant collapsed sued on Monday, while the wife of former CEO Kenneth Lay sobbed on national television and said her family has lost its fortune.
1-28-02 Labour faces Enron questions. The long-running controversy over Geoffrey Robinson's role in Tony Blair's government threatens to break out again this week when opposition MPs press for an inquiry into ministerial relations with Enron, the crippled US energy trader, and its accountants, Arthur Andersen
1-27-02 Three years ago, a German company pieced together a picture of the Enron Corporation's finances so troubling that it helped persuade the company to call off a merger with Enron
1-27-02 Now it has taken a deadly turn. Those who thought that the collapse of Enron, the world's biggest bankruptcy, would be restricted to Wall Street, got a nasty shock on Friday. The death of Clifford Baxter, the company's former vice-chairman, makes this a scandal of worldwide interest.
1-26-02 Division's motive for hiding losses may be unlawful. When Enron's energy-services unit slid its trading operations under the umbrella of its wholesale marketing arm last spring, it said the move was all about efficiency. What executives failed to tell the investment community, however, is that it was also about hiding losses.
1-26-02 Executive's death darkens Enron affair The apparent suicide of a former top Enron Corp. executive who was being pursued by company shareholders and U.S. congressional investigators has deepened the intrigue surrounding the energy titan's spectacular collapse.
6-15-02 Arthur Andersen Found Guilty of Obstructing Justice. Arthur Andersen LLP was found guilty of obstruction of justice today, in a verdict that could doom the venerable accounting giant and bolster the government's upcoming case against Enron Corp. Washington Post
5-24-02 Trash For Cash From S&Ls to Enron: Bill Black Offers a Primer on CEO Fraud Texas Observer

5-13-02 California memos may open a Pandora's box for Enron. Enron's board of directors decided to make federal investigators' job a whole lot easier. When they voted a week ago to hand over documents describing questionable trading practices used at the height of California's electricity crisis, they knew they would be reigniting a firestorm.
Houston Chonicle
5-6-02 Enron Pipeline Leaves Scar on South America Lobbying, U.S. Loans Put Project on Damaging Path Of Enron Corp.'s many political maneuvers in Washington before its fall into bankruptcy, winning the promise of federal financing for a 390-mile pipeline from Bolivia to Brazil through the Chiquitano Dry Tropical Forest may have the most enduring consequences. Washington Post
5-02 Bill Simon's Enron Ties California GOP gubernatorial candidate Bill Simon Jr. has portrayed himself as a savvy businessman who can deal successfully with the state's financial woes. But Simon's ties to Enron, the bankrupt energy company that has been charged with manipulating the electricity market in California and is under federal investigation, raise questions about his business acumen and his fitness for the state's top post. The Nation
4-22-02 'Accounting irregularities' could cost Enron $14 billion. Enron Corp.'s assets may lose another $14 billion in value in the fallout from its bankruptcy filing. In a regulatory filing today with the Securities and Exchange Commission and U.S. Bankruptcy Judge Arthur Gonzalez in New York, Enron said it may have to write down $8 billion to $10 billion relating to commodity and energy trading operations before its Dec. 2 bankruptcy. The Star online.
4-14-02 Officials accuse Enron of creating power gridlock Enron Corp. drove up electricity prices during California's energy crisis by swapping large amounts of power among companies it controlled and intentionally tying up the power grid, state officials told Congress on Thursday. Five companies under Enron's control, including Portland-based PGE, traded more than 10 million megawatt hours of electricity among themselves in the last three months of 2000, when power prices in the states were spiraling out of control, said the president of the California Public Utilities Commission. The World Link
4-10-02 Arthur Andersen LLP's chief auditor on its Enron account in Houston has agreed to plead guilty and cooperate with prosecutors pursuing a document shredding case against the beleaguered accounting firm, a person familiar with the case said.
Indian Express
4-8-02 Executives may lose suits, but not all is lost for them. Targeted in dozens of lawsuits, former Enron Corp. executives face possible multimillion-dollar judgments that could far exceed their net worth. But hold the tears. Even if they lose big on every front, the execs get to keep their mansions, luxury cars, retirement income, any salary they earn and lots of other stuff.
Houston Chronicle
4-5-02 Plan to Broaden Enron Suit. Several investment banks and law firms with ties to Enron Corp. will be added as defendants in a securities fraud class-action lawsuit filed by investors, people close to the litigation said yesterday.
Newsday
4-3-02 Enron pushed to muzzle auditor. Enron pressured Arthur Andersen to muzzle an internal critic last year when he challenged too many of the company's accounting practices, according to documents released Tuesday. Houston Chronicle
3-31-02 W's Biggest Enron Liability: The Case Against Thomas White Grows. Army Secretary Thomas White, a former high-ranking Enron, told reporters a few days ago that "if I ever get to the point....where the Enron business represents a major and material distraction...then I wouldn't stay" at the Pentagon. In Washington, such a statement is often seen as the first step in a graceful exit strategy.
The Nation
3-28-02 Enron and Bush: the mystery deepens. Energy papers yield more questions than answers Think the flap over the Bush administration and Enron is winding down? Think again.
CBS Market Watch
3-26-02 Hundreds From Enron Contact Playboy A day after Playboy magazine announced it wants to publish a "Women of Enron" issue, hundreds of current and former Enron employees contacted the magazine to find out more about possibly becoming a nude model.
MSNBC
3-25-02 White Made More Calls Before Selling Enron Stock As Company's Troubles Worsened in October, Army Secretary Talked to Several Former Colleagues Last October, Army Secretary Thomas E. White, a former Enron Corp. executive, met or phoned former colleagues at the energy company as many as 13 times prior to his decision to sell more than 200,000 Enron shares at the end of that month, according to information he has provided a House committee.
Washington Post
3-23-02 Senate Panel Says Enron Must Detail Policy Role. Subpoenas to Enron About White House- Congressional probes into Enron Corp. turned for the first time to the White House Friday, as a Senate committee issued subpoenas to the collapsed energy company and its accountant to see what role Enron had in creating the administration's energy policy. The batch of 29 subpoenas significantly expands the Enron investigations in Congress to examine not only the firm's corporate failings but also its political contacts.
Washington Post

3-22-02 Enron Succeeded in Aid Pursuit
Company Won $7 Billion in Pledges for Overseas Plans Enron Corp.'s vast overseas energy investments were aided by promises of more than $7 billion in loans and insurance from the European, Asian and worldwide development banks, as well as key U.S. export-support agencies, according to a report to be released today. Washington Post

3-19-02 Ex-Enron Executive Related A DisputeTwo weeks before his suicide in January, former Enron Corp. executive J. Clifford Baxter told investigators aboutconflicts with the company's then-president, Jeffrey K. Skilling, that Baxter said marred his final years at the company, according to a memo on the interview. Washington Post
3-18-02 Pentagon official accused over Enron. Beneath a 19th-century French chandelier in the domed drawing room of his 6 million dollar post-modern penthouse, Thomas White enjoyed what estate agents are calling "the most spectacular panorama in all of Washington DC". The Austrailian
3-16-02 Enron Inspires Congress to Try Reform Legislation: Differences between Democrats and Republicans may make it difficult to pass many of the bills introduced. As Enron-triggered legislation sweeps through Capitol Hill, and with it the prospect of watershed reforms, a battle is shaping up over how far Congress should go in riding herd on corporate America. Nearly three dozen bills have been introduced that would affect company pension plans, accounting and corporate whistle-blowers, among other subjects.
LA Times
3-14-02 Andersen indicted in scandal
Charge says firm shredded tons of files. The Arthur Andersen accounting firm obstructed justice by engaging in a "wholesale destruction" of tons of Enron-related documents, a federal indictment unsealed Thursday charged.
Houston Chronicle

3-13-02 California lawmakers to subpoena Enron officials. A California Senate committee will issue subpoenas early next week for former three Enron employees, including former chief executive Jeffrey Skilling, to testify at an April hearing. SF Gate
3-12-02 Futures Commission probes Enron. Another government agency has targeted Enron Corp. for corrupt practices. The chairman of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission wants to know whether Enron committed fraud or manipulated markets through improper trading of energy futures contracts. Chicago Sun Times

3-10-02 Democrats portray DeLay as Enron poster boy When Enron Corp. needed help in Congress, it turned to a friend from home, Rep. Tom DeLay, a free-market conservative from the Houston suburbs and the third most powerful member of the U.S. House of Representatives. DeLay and his advisers were at the center of an Enron-backed push for energy deregulation in the late 1990s. Only three other House members received more campaign contributions from the energy company, and DeLay's former top aide was an Enron lobbyist.
Tallahasee Democrat
3-8-02 The White House declared its support today for the secretary of the Army, Thomas E. White, after the disclosure that Mr. White had retained a significant interest in Enron from his days as a senior executive there until early this year. The disclosure that Mr. White had retained options to buy 665,000 Enron shares until January brought sharp criticism from leaders in both parties on the Senate Armed Services Committee. Several said that Mr. White had violated terms of an ethics agreement he signed before becoming the Army secretary. When he took the top Army job, Mr. White pledged to divest himself of any stake in Enron.
Ney York Times
3-6-02 White House in Enron spotlight. David Walker, the watchdog suing the White House over the Enron affair, is to give evidence to Congress in a development that will see ties between the collapsed company and the Bush administration come under intense scrutiny. money.telegraph.co.uk
3-4-02 Corporate governance failure at Enron Every time you turn a stone, another worm creeps out. That seems to be the story of the Enron debacle. Not a day goes by without a new expose of wrong doing in the company that one begins to wonder if there is anything in our systems and structure of an enterprise that can prevent such a catastrophe. Hindu Business Line
3-1-02 Enron Paid Huge Bonuses in '01; Experts See a Motive for Cheating The Enron Corporation paid its executives huge one-time bonuses last year as a reward for hitting a series of stock-price targets ending in 2000 — the very time, investigators now say, when corporate officials were improperly inflating the company's profits by as much as a billion dollars. New York Times
2-27-02 Ex-treasurer seeks deal for testimony Enron Corp.'s former treasurer Ben Glisan Jr. is negotiating with federal prosecutors to become a witness in the investigation into possible financial crimes in return for immunity, sources said Tuesday. Houston Chronicle
2-26-02 Lay told workers of his support for Bush. Former Enron Corp. Chairman Ken Lay told employees he believed in the character, integrity and policies of President Bush in the month ahead of the 2000 election, according to a videotape cited by a lawmaker Monday. Bush, a former oilman whose campaigns were supported by Enron Corp., has sought to play down his relationship with Lay, former head of the energy trading company that filed a record U.S. bankruptcy Dec. 2. Houston Chronicle
2-25-02 Enron's Green Acres Those Millions Built Mansions and Purchased Ranches. Then the Company Bought the Farm. Downtown, across from Enron's gleaming corporate headquarters at 1400 Smith St., an unfinished $200 million, 40-story tower designed to be Enron's twin building sits like a shell. It's for sale now, one of so many gems coated in the ashes of Enron's collapse. Washington Post

2-24-02 Enron's political love connection Ralph Nader: Congress is working overtime trying to assure the American public that its long love affair with Enron Corp. is a thing of the past. Present and former Enron executives are being hauled almost daily before Senate and House committees and pummeled by tough criticism from lawmakers who hope their denunciations will be noted properly on the evening television news.
San Francisco Chronicle
2-23-02 Enron met with energy regulators during crisis. Records show several contacts as state's power woes grew. Commissioners and senior staff of the nation's top energy regulatory agency had 25 meetings or telephone calls with Enron Corp. officials during California's electricity crisis, according to documents released yesterday by Sen. Barbara Boxer, D-Calif. San Franciso Chronicle
2-22-02 Tape shows Enron meeting. Enron executives urged employees to invest all their retirement money in Enron stock, a Democratic congressman said Thursday after obtaining a videotape of a company meeting.
Amerillo Globe News
2-22-02 White House Girds For Protracted Fight GAO Lawsuit Seeks Energy Information. The White House, on the eve of the filing of a congressional lawsuit seeking information about its dealings with energy industry executives, signaled yesterday it is ready to mount a high-level and protracted legal challenge.
Washington Post

2-20-02 An Enron Unit Chief Warned, and Was Rebuffed. When James Alexander tried seven years ago to warn Enron (chief executive, Kenneth L. Lay, that the company was on a perilous path, he anticipated fireworks and quick action.
New York Times
2-18-02 Enron execs could do time. Top Enron executives could find themselves stripped of their fortunes and reading stock reports behind bars.
2-18-02 Enron hedged bets, curried Gore's favor. Enron quietly drew up a plan to cultivate close political ties to Vice President Al Gore during the 2000 presidential race and tried to build relationships with his inner circle even though the company was one of the biggest campaign contributors to George W. Bush and the Republicans.
2-18-02 Handling of claims by Enron queried Tauzin turns focus on counsel, firm. A key lawmaker investigating the Enron Corp. scandal turned the spotlight Sunday on Enron's general counsel and outside lawyers who examined the allegations raised by Enron executive Sherron Watkins last August.
2-17-02 Enron losers take revenge on Wall St. Wall Street's most respected banks face legal action by Enron shareholders over their role as 'cheerleaders' to the collapsed energy trader. A lawsuit is set to be filed shortly in the US accusing analysts from Goldman Sachs, Salomon Smith Barney and JP Morgan Chase of recommending Enron shares in order to help their employers obtain lucrative work from the Texan group.
2-17-02 Bush 2000 Adviser Offered To Use Clout to Help Enron. Just before the last presidential election, Bush campaign adviser Ralph Reed offered to help Enron Corp. deregulate the electricity industry by working his "good friends" in Washington and by mobilizing religious leaders and pro-family groups for the cause.
2-17-02 Ties between Jeb Bush and Enron explored further. Gov. Jeb Bush has spent the past few weeks trying to distance himself from Enron and its efforts to break into Florida's water and energy markets. But the governor's advocacy of privatizing water supplies -- a path Enron pursued for profit -- shows up not only in speeches by his chief environmental officer, but in early 1997 in the work of the think tank Bush founded.
2-16-02 Secretary of Army Thomas White Alters Website To Hide Leading Role in Enron
2-16-02 Payments to Enron execs called unfair. By Brad Foss - Knowing Enron's bankruptcy filing was imminent, executives in late November quickly withdrew millions of dollars in compensation and bonuses they had deferred. Money was wired to some bank accounts in less than 24 hours.
2-15-02 Newly Released Documents Indicate that as Texas Governor, Bush Helped Promote Enron’s Business Interests Documents obtained by Public Citizen on Friday suggest that as governor of Texas, President Bush helped promote Enron Corp.’s foreign and domestic business agenda on behalf of company CEO Kenneth Lay.
2-15-02 Enron Directors and Officers, Accountants, Attorneys, and Corrupt Officials sued for fraud and civil conspriracy. Judicial Watch, the public interest law firm that investigates and prosecutes public corruption and abuse, today announced the filing of a lawsuit in federal court in Houston against Enron directors and officers, the Arthur Anderson accounting firm and certain of its personnel, Vinson & Elkins, LLP and four of its partners, and corrupt public officials who bear alleged responsibility for the Enron fiasco and the billions of dollars in losses suffered by Enron employees and shareholders. Among the defendants are Wendy Gramm, the wife of the senior U.S. Senator from Texas, Phil Gramm.
2-15-02 Enron's ex-staff fight for cash A group of former Enron employees have appealed to a bankruptcy court to approve severance pay totalling $100m
2-15-02 Rampant Enron-omics? Enron's Andrew Fastow is now reviled for the aggressive accounting he used as the energy firm's chief financial officer. But three years ago, his "unique financing techniques" were so admired that CFO Magazine named him one of the best CFOs of the year. Enron's then-CEO Jeff Skilling gushed: "Andy … deserves all the accolades tossed his way.
2-14-02 Feds plan to probe Enron deals in West Regulatory commission's inquiry could alter California contracts. Federal energy regulators yesterday formally announced an investigation into whether Enron Corp. manipulated electricity prices in the West last year, opening the door to a possible reversal of the expensive long- term contracts the state signed at the time.
2-14-02 Memo to Lay: 'Come clean'
Watkins offered advice on steps to save Enron. Enron executive Sherron Watkins, who testifies on Capitol Hill today, warned then-Chairman Ken Lay on Oct. 30 that he needed to "come clean" about his company's financial troubles and "admit that he trusted the wrong people."
2-13-02 You Don't Care About Enron
In Bush's America, it just doesn't pay to give a damn about flagrant political corruption. Of course you know they did it. You know the whole pod of shivery Enron execs are all guilty as sin. You can see it in the folds of their chins, the beady black voids of their eyes, the way their horns twitch when they take the Fifth.
2-13-02 Calif. lawmakers seek contempt charge against Enron. A California Senate panel probing Enron Corp's actions during the state's energy crisis asked Tuesday for an official contempt charge against the beleaguered energy giant for failing to cooperate with the investigation.
2-13-02 John Dean says Cheney in cover up mode. The lawyer who was among those who led the Nixon White House's attempt to conceal incriminating evidence during the Watergate scandal has accused Vice-President Dick Cheney of sinking to the same depths in the Enron affair. John Dean, who served as the White House counsel under president Richard Nixon, said Mr Cheney's efforts to withhold details of his energy task force had put George Bush's administration in "cover-up mode".
2-12-02 Boxer blames Enron for high energy pacts Senator demands regulators reduce inflated contracts Charging that bankrupt Enron Corp. manipulated California's electricity market, Sen. Barbara Boxer demanded yesterday that federal regulators roll back the expensive long-term electricity contracts that Gov. Gray Davis signed during last year's electricity crisis.
2-12-02 Silent Enron boss faces Congress anger. Kenneth Lay, the former chairman and chief executive of collapsed energy trader Enron, has made his long-awaited appearance before a Congressional investigative committee. As expected, Mr Lay refused to testify, claiming his constitutional right not to incriminate himself, and seemingly unmoved by sometimes agressive criticism from senators.
2-11-02 Skilling's mom says he should have known of Enron woes The mother of former Enron Corp. Chief Executive Officer Jeffrey Skilling says he should have known the company was facing extreme financial trouble. "When you are the CEO and you are on the board of directors, you are supposed to know what's going on with the rest of the company," 77-year-old Betty Skilling said in an interview before her son testified last week. "You can't get off the hook with me there. ... He's going to have to beat this the best way he can."
2-11-02 Enron executive may face perjury charge, says investigator Leaders of the congressional investigations into the Enron collapse said flatly last night that they did not believe the sworn testimony of the former Enron chief executive, Jeffrey Skilling, and one congressman suggested that Mr Skilling could face formal accusations of perjury.
2-10-02 New Bush Tie to Enron White House lawyer got 35G while in Tex. Yet another White House official has a long history with Enron. White House counsel Alberto Gonzales, who has been mentioned as a possible Bush nominee for the Supreme Court, received more than $100,000 in political contributions from the energy industry in recent years as a justice on the Texas Supreme Court.
2-10-02 Energy commission chief urged to quit over Enron Enron's close ties with the Bush administration have prompted a call for Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) chairman Pat Wood to resign because of the alleged influence the failed energy trading company had over his appointment.
2-10-02 Gramms and Enron: A Mutual Aid Society Rules backed by senator, wife helped company. Former Commodity Futures Trading Commission chief Wendy Gramm - a subject of congressional investigators because she sits on Enron's board of the directors - had a free-market philosophy she likened to tending a garden.
2-9-02 GAO won't sue Cheney for at least a week Virtually no progress has been made since congressional investigators last threatened to sue the White House for information on Vice President Dick Cheney's energy task force meetings, but Comptroller General David Walker said Friday he will wait at least another week before going to court.
2-7-02 The fall of Enron, and its subsequent bankruptcy, may well be the largest scandal in the history of American business and politics. If we ask, "What went wrong with Enron?" the answer would be, "Everything."
Enron's rise from a small Texas gas company to the seventh largest American corporation was spurred, at every juncture, by political influence and political decisions. Whether they were changes in government policy, loosening of federal regulations, staffing of key positions which supported or monitored energy issues: The government of the United States and the state government of Texas, looked out for Enron's interests. Even when state and national interests, and the interests of consumers and taxpayers and workers, was being undermined.
2-8-02 Mintz warned against criticizing Enron activity. Lawyer told not 'to stick neck out' When Enron attorney Jordan Mintz transferred into the company's Global Finance unit in October 2000, he was shocked at what he found. Employees who should have been looking out for Enron's interests were routinely negotiating lucrative deals with private partnerships they had a stake in.
2-8-02 The man who wants Cheney's Enron files. David Walker is the kind of guy who rarely wears jeans and if he does, friends say, they're probably ironed. He likes his numbers precise - usually carried out to the fourth decimal place. One of his biggest heroes in life is Elmer B. Staats, the fifth comptroller general of the United States.
2-7-02 Enron: Ultimate agent of the American empire Most experts agree that the Caspian Basin and Central Asia are the keys to energy in the 21st century. Said energy expert James Dorian (Oil & Gas Journal, 9/10/01), "Those who control the oil routes out of Central Asia will impact all future direction and quantities of flow and the distribution of revenues from new production."
2-7-02 Enron Exec Sold $270 Million in Stock Before Company Collapsed No one has come out further ahead in the Enron mess than Lou Pai, a 54-year-old former executive who, in the last two years, cleared an estimated $270.2 million
2-7-02 Letter links Lay to federal energy regulator Former Enron Corp. Chairman Ken Lay's patronage of federal energy regulator Pat Wood apparently began in 1994, according to a letter released Wednesday by Gov. Rick Perry's office. Lay's connections to Wood have been controversial since Enron's financial collapse last year.
2-6-02 De-Enron America Now; Pass Campaign Finance Reform The Enron scandal is a galling tale of deliberate misconduct in a climate of vanishing corporate accountability. While congressional investigators still have a lot to uncover, it is clear that both Enron and Arthur Andersen successfully used campaign cash as legalized bribery to limit government regulation and public scrutiny of their self-serving activities and shield themselves from accountability for bilking investors and employees.
2-6-02 Congress uses playbook similar to Enron's. Lawmakers, launching hearings on failed firm, have own history of odd accounting. Everyone in Congress except the pages - committed to silence on all things political - appears eager to blast Enron for accounting irregularities that obscured the real financial condition of that company.
2-6-02 Lawyers for former Enron chief Kenneth Lay have said he will appear before a Congressional panel investigating the collapse of the energy trading giant. "We've had assurances from his attorney that he will appear," said Congressman Michael Oxley, an Ohio Republican who chairs the House Financial Services Committee.
2-5-02 Former Enron chairman Kenneth Lay has vanished as government officials attempt to serve a writ that would force him to submit to tough questioning by Congress. His lawyer last night refused to accept Mr Lay's subpoena to appear before two committees investigating the world's biggest corporate bankruptcy, saying he had no idea of his client's whereabouts. He could be taking refuge in any one of his dozen homes.
2-5-02 Enron workers' benefits reportedly raided $15 million allegedly spent elsewhere. A former senior accountant at Enron told CBS News that the company took at least $15 million from legally protected worker-benefits accounts and spent it elsewhere. During an interview aired on CBS-TV's Evening News Monday, Robin Hosea said that immediately after joining Enron as a benefits specialist in 2000 she noticed the money was being spent in other departments.
2-5-02 Lay will be forced to testify. The Enron scandal exploded into open political warfare yesterday, as Congress declared its intention to subpoena the bankrupt energy trader's former chief executive, Kenneth Lay, and the Democrats accused the Bush administration of running a "cash-and-carry" government on behalf of the disgraced company.
2-4-02 Ex-workers let down as Lay alters his plans For former Enron employees in Houston, Ken Lay's televised testimony before Congress was going to be the equivalent of Sunday's Super Bowl. They had made plans to gather in bars, restaurants and homes today to hear what their ex-boss had to say. But when the former Enron CEO backed out of testifying on Sunday, they were left with more questions, anger and a lot of disappointment. They said they felt robbed.
2-4-02 Lay Gets Cold Feet Former Enron Chairman Kenneth L. Lay last night abruptly canceled a much anticipated appearance today before a Senate panel in the wake of a scathing report on the management failures and self-dealing that led to his company's spectacular collapse.
2-4-02 How a fledgling water business helped sink Enron Enron's crash now is being tracked back to deceptive accounting and unbridled deal-making that were part of the company's culture for years. Had anyone paid more attention, they could have seen it foreshadowed in the demise of a lesser-known corner of its business, a water unit called Azurix.
2-3-02 Congressmen Question Enron Dealings Two members of Congress pointed to possible criminality in the Enron scandal Sunday, saying the company manufactured income out of its off-the-books partnership deals that led to financial disaster.
2-3-02 Enron: the meetings Labour didn't reveal The row over Downing Street's links with energy giant Enron took a new twist last night when a former vice-president of the company revealed details of secret meetings it had with key Government figures.
2-3-02 Enron Panel Finds Inflated Profits and Few Controls A report from a special committee of the Enron Corporation board concluded yesterday that executives intentionally manipulated the company's profits, inflating them by almost $1 billion in the year before Enron's collapse through byzantine dealings with a group of partnerships.
2-2-02 Enron probe hits White House
Records requested from Bush, Clinton eras. The government's criminal probe into Enron's collapse reached into the White House yesterday, as the Justice Department asked the president's staff to preserve all Enron-related documents, including e-mails and records that might show staff contacts with company representatives.
2-2-02 Bush's 401(k) plans met with criticism Enron workers cry 'fluff,' businesses fear rules. This is all a very calculated plan to look like they are doing something -- but do nothing.
2-1-02 Next week brings flurry of Enron hearings. Two former Enron CEOs will take center stage here next week when the energy company's collapse is scrutinized in nine congressional hearings.
2-1-02 Lawmakers signaled Thursday that their questioning of former Enron Corp. Chairman Ken Lay on Capitol Hill next week is likely to be confrontational when he delivers his first public explanation of the company's collapse. Congressional investigators want to know how Enron executives were able to cash out millions of dollars in company stock while employees saw their retirement savings wiped out.
2-1-02 Harvard activists group call for Harvard to investigate Enron ties A watchdog group called on Harvard University President Lawrence Summers to investigate Harvard's ties to Enron Corp., including whether a company investing Harvard endowment money had inside knowledge of the now-bankrupt energy trader's financial problems.
2-1-02 Enron chairman gave list of favored names to White House; Bush named two as energy regulators A few months after the White House got a list of recommended candidates from former Enron Chairman Kenneth Lay, a friend and backer of President Bush, two of them were appointed to a federal energy commission
1-31-02 Puppets of Enron This is the story of Rs. 6,000 crore, a greedy and desperate company, and a prime minister and power minister determined to prevent the second from grabbing the first. They succeeded, and thus it was that Kenneth Lay failed in pulling off a magician’s trick — pulling out over a billion dollars from India’s turban.
1-31-02 Enron refusing to cooperate with investigation. Enron Corp. has failed to provide congressional investigators with important information about a web of partnerships used to conceal massive debts, a senator leading a probe of the company's collapse said today.
1-31-02 Enron chief's wife coached for a week before tearful TV interview. The wife of ex-Enron Corp. chairman Kenneth Lay spent a week under the tutelage of a public relations expert before her teary-eyed appearance this week on NBC's ``Today'' show, her sister-in-law said.
1-31-02 British Regulator Temporarily Steps Down Over Enron Questions Lord Wakeham, the former Conservative energy secretary denounced by US union leaders because of his involvement in the Enron affair, resigned as chairman of the UK's Press Complaints Commission.
1-31-02 Enron's new chief executive officer said he has no interest in finding out who's to blame for what went wrong at the energy giant, but will instead focus on revitalizing the business and preserving jobs.
1-31-02 Enron Directors Backed Moving Debt Off Books Members of Enron Corp.'s board of directors received detailed briefings as early as four years ago about the purpose and structure of controversial partnerships whose losses triggered the company's fall into bankruptcy, according to minutes of the meetings.
1-31-02 The spectacular collapse of Enron has already claimed an impressive roll-call of victims: from the thousands of employees who have lost their jobs and pensions, to the United States' Vice-President himself, who faces the indignity of a Congressional investigation. But as the political and commercial fallout reverberates across the Atlantic, Lord Wakeham finds himself drawing on all his skills as a wily backroom operator to clear his name over his involvement in the scandal.
1-30-02 Bush Opened Door to Enron, but Not to a State in Crisis Although prices for energy in California and the West have mostly returned to normal, the Enron bankruptcy continues to raise questions about the level of influence that energy companies had over the Bush administration during the California energy crisis and the formulation of President Bush's energy policy.
1-30-02 Sure would be nice to be this broke... An analysis of the Lays' holdings shows the value of stocks of companies in which Kenneth Lay has served as an officer or director alone had a market value of $10.9 million as of Tuesday, including remaining Enron shares. The high-powered couple sold 1.8 million shares of Enron stock, reaping more than $101 million, from 1999 through 2001, records show. The Lays own property in Aspen, Colo., Houston and Galveston areas valued in excess of $20 million. According to property records, most of it appears to be mortgage-free.
1-30-02 Shredding Away Enron acknowledged yesterday that it had contracted until mid-January with commercial shredding companies to destroy company records.
1-30-02 What corporate money buys on Hill: inaction. The Enron collapse is shining a bright light on a facet of Washington politics that doesn't get much attention: The most important action is often what doesn't occur.
1-29-02 Enron's corporate culture of cronyism, greed and economic violence may come as a surprise to Americans, but others have been long familiar with the company's sordid business culture. Over the last decade, the company has been leaving its now familiar and distasteful track half a world away in the Indian province of Maharashtra, where it attempted to bring online a $2 billion-to-$3 billion power plant — the largest foreign investment ever made in India.
1-28-02 George W. Bush is a crony capitalist. His business career was built on political connections, and his political career has been built on business backing.... Now Enron has exposed the dangers of this approach to politics.
1-28-02 Army Secretary Thomas White, a former top executive at Enron Corp., is coming under scrutiny by congressional investigators probing links between the Bush administration and the collapsed Houston energy trader.
1-28-02 Special-purpose vehicles used to control market, credit rating. As accountants, stockbrokers and others study Enron's collapse, they focus on the company's now-infamous "special-purpose vehicles" -- independent companies that propped up Enron's income and hid its debt.
1-28-02 Enron Spoils the Party. Bush wants his State of the Union speech to drown out those stories linking the disgraced company and the White House
1-27-02 Vice President Dick Cheney said today that the White House was prepared to go to court to fight the release of documents demanded by Congress as part of the investigation into any influence the Enron Corporation (news/quote) had in formulating the Bush administration's energy policy
1-27-02 The Enron scandal, which has become the consuming interest in Washington and around the country, is starting to have a particular resonance in Florida, where it is touching another Bush: Governor Jeb Bush.
1-27-02 Enron scandal threatens Cheney. Who knew what? - Congress ready to force Vice-President to reveal minutes of talks with failed giant.
1-27-02 The man who knew too much. Clifford Baxter was found dead with a gun in his car. He was a man under pressure. Like other directors, he sold shares as the firm's losses were hidden. He had documents; investigators wanted to speak to him. He was talking of hiring a bodyguard.
1-26-02 The myth of Enron. Beneath innovations in energy trading, Enron was seething with deceptive bookkeeping.
1-25-02 Traders for Enron Corp. allegedly used dummy accounts and a traders' "slush fund" to overstate profits over at least four years in a scheme to give an overly rosy picture of the company's finances, a financial industry expert said Thursday in testimony before a U.S. Senate committee.
1-25-02 An Enron Corp. executive has been found dead in a car in Sugar Land of an apparent suicide, police said. Enron officials confirmed the death this morning of Cliff Baxter, former vice chairman of the embattled Houston company.
1-25-02 Long-sought legislation to eliminate unregulated campaign contributions moved toward the House floor Thursday, propelled by the perception that Enron Corp. purchased influence with massive political donations. Lawmakers seeking to stem the flow of special interest money to politicians secured the final two signatures on a petition forcing House Republican leaders to allow a debate and a vote on the campaign finance revisions.
1-25-02 Enron executives enticed wealthy individuals and institutions to invest in one of the partnerships that helped wreck the company by dangling the prospect that inside knowledge could potentially help them double their money in a matter of months, according to partnership records and prospective investors.
1-25-02 Enron workers find solidarity in loss.Former Enron employees help each other with résumés, jobs tips, and grocery money.
1-24-02 FBI plays public relations game at Enron. The FBI’s timing is impressive: it managed to swoop on Enron’s HQ only 92 days and about 11 hours after the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) first began looking for signs of fraud at the now-bankrupt energy trading group.
1-23-02 The Labor Department's probe into the Enron debacle has focused on a period when participants in the company's 401(k) retirement plan were barred from selling their Enron stock, Labor Secretary Elaine Chao said Wednesday. It is important, Chao said, that the government "protect Enron workers who have seen their retirement benefits evaporate."

1-23-02 Enron employees are citing alleged violations of racketeering laws in a new lawsuit that blames company officers and fired auditor Andersen for employees losing some $1.3 billion in retirement savings.
1-23-02 Kenneth Lay resigned today as chief executive and chairman of Enron Corp. at the request of the committee representing the company's creditors.
1-23-02 Attorneys for Enron shareholders agreed late Tuesday on a proposed restraining order to safeguard financial documents and investigate their destruction by employees of the company and its auditor, Arthur Andersen.

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